Overview of Rule 9 Submissions in view of the Committee of Ministers' Deputies Human Rights Meeting in September 2025

From the 15th to the 17th of September 2025, the Committee of Ministers is meeting for their quarterly Human Rights Meeting. During the meeting, the Committee of Ministers will examine 59 leading judgments of the European Court of Human Rights that are pending implementation. 

EIN members and partners, other civil society actors, lawyers and applicants have made 3 Rule 9 submissions in 25 leading cases under consideration. The list below sets out an overview of these submissions related to cases on the current agenda. 

Overview of Submissions 

Muradyan v. Armenia group 

Violation: Failure to provide plausible explanation for the injury sustained by the applicants’ relatives, military conscripts, and their death. Lack of an effective investigation. 

Latest Examination: December 2023 - CM/Del/Dec(2023)1483/H46-2 

Latest Submission: 1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rules 9.2 and 9.6 - Communication from an NGO (Helsinki Citizens Assembly-Vanadzor) (07/08/2025) concerning the Muradyan group of cases v. Armenia (Application No. 11275/07) and reply from the authorities (18/08/2025) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)932] 

Mahmudov and Agazade v. Azerbaijan group 

Violation: Violation of the right to freedom of expression, arbitrary application of the law on defamation. 

Latest Examination: September 2024 - CM/Del/Dec(2024)1507/H46-3 

Latest Submissions: 1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rule 9.2 - Communication from an NGO (Free Voices Collective) (22/07/2025) in the case of Mahmudov and Agazade group v. Azerbaijan (Application No. 35877/04) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)874] 

Mushfig Mammadov and Others v. Azerbaijan 

Violation: Criminal proceedings against the applicants on account of their refusal to perform military service, resulting from the absence of alternative service system for conscientious objectors. 

Latest Examination:  December 2023 - CM/Del/Dec(2023)1483/H46-6 

Latest Submissions: 1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rule 9.2 - Communication from an NGO (European Association of Jehovah’s Witnesses) (21/08/2025) in the case of Mushfig Mammadov and Others v. Azerbaijan (Application No. 14604/08) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)1001] 

1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rule 9.2 - Communication from an NGO (Free Voices Collective) (24/07/2025) in the case of Mushfig Mammadov and Others v. Azerbaijan (Application No. 14604/08) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)886] 

United Macedonian Organisation Ilinden and Others v. Bulgaria group 

Violation: Unjustified refusals by the courts to register an association aiming at achieving “the recognition of the Macedonian minority in Bulgaria”. 

Latest Examination: March 2025 - CM/Del/Dec(2025)1521/A1 

Latest Submissions: 1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rules 9.2 and 9.6 - Communication from an NGO (Society of the Repressed Macedonians in Bulgaria, Victims of the Communist Terror) (11/07/2025) in the UMO Ilinden and Others group of cases v. Bulgaria (Application No. 59491/00) and reply from the authorities (30/07/2025) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)840-rev] 

1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rule 9.2 - Communication from an NGO (Bulgarian Helsinki Committee) (04/08/2025) in the UMO Ilinden and Others group of cases v. Bulgaria (Application No. 59491/00) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)924] 

1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rule 9.2 - Communication from NGOs (Association of Repressed Macedonians UMO “Ilinden”, Association for the Protection of Basic Individual Human Rights 2023 and Club for Ethnic Tolerance) (05/09/2025) in the group of cases United Macedonian Organisation Ilinden and Others v. Bulgaria (Application No. 59491/00) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)1044] 

A.D. and Others v. Georgia 

Violation: Lack of legislation governing procedures for legal gender recognition. 

Latest Examination: September 2024 - CM/Del/Dec(2024)1507/H46-8 

Latest Submission: 1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rule 9.2 - Communication from NGOs (European Human Rights Advocacy Centre (EHRAC), Women's Initiatives Support Group (WISG), Georgian Young Lawyers' Association (GYLA), ILGA-Europe and Trans Europe and Central Asia (TGEU)) (24/07/2025) in the case of A.D. and Others v. Georgia (Application No. 57864/17) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)894] 

Nisiotis v. Greece group 

Violation: Prison overcrowding and other poor conditions in prisons. Lack of effective remedy. 

Latest Examination: March 2024 - CM/Del/Dec(2024)1492/H46-15 

Latest Submissions: 1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rules 9.2 and 9.6 - Communication from an NGO (Hellenic Action for Human Rights “PLEIADES”) (28/07/2025) concerning the case of NISIOTIS group of cases v. Greece (Application No. 34704/08) and reply from the authorities (11/08/2025) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)917] 

1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rule 9.2 - Communication from an NGO (Hellenic League for Human Rights (HLHR)) (15/07/2025) in the Nisiotis group of cases v. Greece (Application No. 34704/08) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)837] 

Ilias and Ahmed v. Hungary & Shahzad v. Hungary groups 

Violation: Authorities’ failure to assess the risks of ill-treatment before expelling the applicants, asylum-seekers, to a “safe third country” (Ilias and Ahmed); applicant’s collective expulsion without identifying him and examining his situation (Shahzad). 

Latest Examination: September 2024 - CM/Del/Dec(2024)1507/H46-11 

Latest Submissions: 1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rule 9.2 - Communication from an NGO (Hungarian Helsinki Committee) (17/07/2025) in the Ilias and Ahmed group of cases v. Hungary (Application No. 47287/15) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)845] 

1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rule 9.2 - Communication from an NGO (Hungarian Helsinki Committee) (17/07/2025) in the Shahzad group of cases v. Hungary (Application No. 12625/17) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)844] 

Rana v. Hungary group 

Violation: Lack of legislation governing gender reassignment and name-changing procedure. 

Latest Examination: September 2024 - CM/Del/Dec(2024)1507/H46-13 

Latest Submission: 1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rule 9.2 - Communication from NGOs (Háttér Society and Transvanilla Transgender Association) (21/07/2025) in the case of Rana group v. Hungary (Application No. 40888/17) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)868] 

X v. North Macedonia 

Violation: Lack of legislation governing the conditions and procedures for changing on birth certificates the registered sex of transgender people. 

Latest Examination: September 2024 - CM/Del/Dec(2024)1507/H46-19 

Latest Submission: 1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rule 9.2 - Communication from NGOs (TGEU, Coalition Margins, TransFormA and ILGA-Europe) (15/07/2025) in the case of X v. “the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia” (Application No. 29683/16) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)841] 

Juszczyszyn v. Poland & Tuleya v. Poland 

Violation: Various violations in cases concerning the appointment, mandate and/or disciplinary regime for judges in Poland. 

Latest Examination: September 2024 - CM/Del/Dec(2024)1507/H46-20 

Latest Submission: 1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rules 9.2 and 9.6 - Communication from an NGO (Free Courts Foundation) (07/08/2025) in the cases of Tuleya (Reczkowicz group) (Application No. 21181/19) and Juszczyszyn (Application No. 35599/20) v. Poland and reply from the authorities (22/08/2025) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)941-rev] 

Reczkowicz v. Poland group, Broda and Bojara v. Poland & Wałęsa v. Poland 

Violation: Tribunal not established by law due to, inter alia, systemic dysfunction in the judicial appointments’ procedures. Deficiencies of the system of extraordinary review appeal. 

Discriminatory lowering of the retirement age of judges 

Latest Examination: September 2024 - CM/Del/Dec(2024)1507/H46-21 / First examination 

Latest Submissions: 1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rules 9.2 and 9.6 - Communication from an NGO (Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights) (29/07/2025) in the Reczkowicz group of cases v. Poland (Application No. 43447/19) and reply from the authorities (13/08/2025) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)908-rev] 

1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rules 9.2 and 9.6 - Communication from an NGO (Free Courts Foundation) (07/08/2025) in the case of Broda and Bojara v. Poland (Application No. 26691/18) and reply from the authorities (22/08/2025) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)942-rev] 

1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rule 9.2 - Communication from an NGO (Polish Bar Council) (18/07/2025) in the case of Walesa v. Poland (Application No. 50849/21) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)851] 

1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rule 9.2 - Communication from an NGO (Free Courts Foundation) (01/08/2025) in the case of Walesa v. Poland (Application No. 50849/21) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)929] 

Xero Flor W Polsce SP. Z O.O. v. Poland 

Violation: Tribunal not established by law due to grave irregularities in the election of one of the Constitutional Court's judges examining the applicant company’s constitutional complaint. 

Latest Examination: September 2024 - CM/Del/Dec(2024)1507/H46-22 

Latest Submission: 1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rules 9.2 and 9.6 - Communication from an NGO (Free Courts Foundation) (07/08/2025) in the case of Xero Flor w Polsce sp. z o.o. v. Poland (Application No. 4907/18) and reply from the authorities (22/08/2025) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)944-rev] 

Verein Klimaseniorinnen Schweiz and Others v. Switzerland 

Violation: Authorities' failure to mitigate climate change and in particular the effects of global warming. 

Latest Examination: March 2025 - CM/Del/Dec(2025)1521/H46-30 

Latest Submissions: 1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rule 9.2 - Communication from an NGO (Verein KlimaSeniorinnen Schweiz) (18/07/2025) in the case of Verein KlimaSeniorinnen Schweiz and Others v. Switzerland (Application No. 53600/20) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)863] 

1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rule 9.2 - Communication from NGOs (Greenpeace International, Climate Litigation Network and 32 others) (18/07/2025) in the case of Verein KlimaSeniorinnen Schweiz and Others v. Switzerland (Application No. 53600/20) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)848] 

1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rule 9.2 - Communication from an NHRI (Swiss human rights institution) (01/08/2025) in the case of Verein KlimaSeniorinnen Schweiz and Others v. Switzerland (Application No. 53600/20) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)911] 

1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rule 9.3 - Communication from an IGO (UN Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights in the context of climate change) (21/07/2025) in the case of Verein KlimaSeniorinnen Schweiz and Others v. Switzerland (Application No. 53600/20) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)864] 

Bati and Others v. Türkiye group & Elvan v. Türkiye 

Violation: Ineffectiveness of investigations against law enforcement officers in allegations of torture and ill-treatment and impunity. 

Administrative authorisation requirement to initiate criminal proceedings under the Law No. 4483. 

Latest Examination: September 2024 - CM/Del/Dec(2024)1507/H46-33 

Latest Submissions: 1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rule 9.2 - Communication from NGOs (Truth Justice Memory Center (Hafıza Merkezi), Human Rights Association (İnsan Hakları Derneği), and Human Rights Foundation of Turkey (Türkiye İnsan Hakları Vakfı)) (29/07/2025) in the Bati and Others group of cases v. Turkey (Application No. 33097/96) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)899] 

1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rule 9.2 - Communication from NGOs (Truth Justice Memory Center (Hafıza Merkezi), Human Rights Association (İnsan Hakları Derneği), and Human Rights Foundation of Turkey (Türkiye İnsan Hakları Vakfı)) (29/07/2025) in the case of Elvan v. Türkiye (Application No. 64937/19) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)902] 

Gurban v. Türkiye group 

Violation: Absence of any mechanism to review “aggravated” life imprisonment sentence. 

Latest Examination: September 2024 - CM/Del/Dec(2024)1507/H46-35 

Latest Submissions: 1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rule 9.2 - Communication from NGOs (Association of Lawyers for Freedom, Human Rights Association, Human Rights Foundation of Türkiye, the Foundation for Society and Legal Studies, Progressive Lawyers’ Association, Civil Society in The Penal System Association, Diyarbakır Bar Association, Van Bar Association, Şırnak Bar Association, Hakkari Bar Association and Şanlıurfa Bar Association) (21/07/2025) in the Gurban group of cases v. Turkey (Application No. 4947/04) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)865] 

1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rule 9.2 - Communication from NGOs (Turkey Human Rights Litigation Support Project (TLSP), European Association of Lawyers for Democracy and the World Human Rights (ELDH), Association for Democracy and International Law e.V. (MAF-DAD) and London Legal Group (LLG)) (21/07/2025) in the Gurban group of cases v. Turkey (Application No. 4947/04) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)857] 

Kavala v. Türkiye 

Violation: Unjustified and extended detention of the applicant without reasonable suspicion and with the ulterior purpose of reducing him to silence. 

Latest Examination: June 2025 - CM/Del/Dec(2025)1531/H46-38 

Latest Submission: 1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rule 9.1 - Communication from the applicant (02/09/2025) in the case of Kavala v. Türkiye (Application No. 28749/18) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)999] 

Selahatti̇n Demi̇rtaş (No. 2) v. Türkiye group 

Violation: Unjustified detention of the applicants without reasonable suspicion that they had committed an offence, with the ulterior purpose of stifling pluralism and limiting freedom of political debate. Unforeseeable lifting of the parliamentary immunity and subsequent criminal proceedings to penalise the applicants for their political speeches. 

Latest Examination: June 2025 - CM/Del/Dec(2025)1531/H46-40 

Latest Submission: 1537th meeting (September 2025) (DH) - Rule 9.2 - Communication from NGOs (Turkey Human Rights Litigation Support Project, Human Rights Watch and the International Commission of Jurists) (06/06/2025) in the group of cases Selahattin Demirtas v. Turkey (no. 2) (Application No. 14305/17) [anglais uniquement] [DH-DD(2025)788]